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MM AND NORTH-CAROLINA GAZE Ourtarc the j;ln of fair, delightful Peice, Unwarp'd by party t age, to live like Brothers. FRIDAY, MAY 9. 181 r, No. S20; Vol. XVIII. BAM TTE; INTERNAL 1MPR0 VEMENT. Re pc&i of niE Com it is s io xrrs, 1 t c; ar Sflfl" 1 .. 4 r miff Z7Z,s "r "v - . a fwintt tnronnect. those or tne juau"" 1816,- bejoretheepdaturc at their late sitting-: REPORT That in ascertaining the most eligible route for a canal, to connect the tide waters ct tne t'eww.di iw". cf the Raritan, they have examined the plans & routes of Canals heretofore pro-, L,i nml have considered the advanta- ges and disadvantages, which would re spectively attend them. , The first and most obvious plan hereto . n-oo tn nc tb- beds ofthe lore nri.ui'sti.., naa w uw ii st-cams intervening between the Rantan ; ; a thf TVlaware. to ascend the Raritan from the tide water tn the first obstruc- : tion, and by deepening or widening, ui -T. . a f. ac nMrtirahle cn 1 ?A Frnm the adjacent scream ovc A 'V cV and then bv a dam -.'and lock to j ! ing its bnks, in some situations fiili u:-,v, orrhrr :trn:to be Dursued - ; canal with mud or sand, and m otei b" deeperiig, widening, nan.uwuis, uus uwuu)iu, vuu Jeai-'iic as befcrc.until another dam would s washing deep holes. p become ncces-arv, and in the same man-.. 3d. From the irregularity of the valhes, r er tr continue the process until the na- high promontories and low bottoms often vVation would arr.ve the mouth of the j succeeding each other, rendering the lUiib'cne river ; to proceed from thence h crossing of the streams frequently ncces v n live Millstone, erectir-g locks in the j sary, bv expensive aqueducts, several mill-dams, and deepening, widen- 4th. From the red stone and other hard ire cr clearing the channel, and placing ! ! matter difficult to excavate, forming the ;ll. -.mc aml lories where necessary, j ! banks of several of the: streams. timffnth of the Stohevbrook,and from 11 thence up the Stoneybrook in like manner t.u wv - .- . .. . ... 1 to the vicinitv of the great meaciows, m the township cf Lawrence; here a con-( ncctir.'p cut wouiu uc fcw , meadows of Lawrence to the Shippe- j hmrh of the Asacp'uik creek. This connecting cut would on this route, J be the lowest part of the ground dividing ; , the waters of the two rivers, and would ji form the summit or crown level of the Canal. The beats would oe raisea uy locks to this level, which would be sup- pV"ed by a fender from the nearest stream t f sufficient elevation ; they would froiti ihence descend oy iocks mio uic.oii:it. - '.i. taukin, where a like process would oe ; in tne nrsusfPtpx-irioute ; iroro nonce used to enable them to reach the Assan-; xhKHtohe to DcviTrok.", up De rjink nnd down the Assipmfc ty amfWTbrook to the heala thereof, from berton to the Dawarti. Tnis route it ; thence across to Lawrence's brook, and would bWnecttsy';-ftsome': places, to -ito proceed on the bed of Lawrence's in- ke CBtlisw interveninglow grounds, ' brok to the tide water of the Ravitan -ml to depart occasionally irom tee ocus ; a umu iwuc jiuu iu usluiu j cf tream the elevation of the summit ji Crosswick's creek to Doctor's creek, up j i ',. would be about, i'c rty-six feet above Doctor's creek to the vicinity of Allen- the tide water, and tne wnoie instance j . . , would be about forty miles. 1 ue route w as viewed and levelled bv several gen- tlen-tn in the year 1804, who were of o- that'' a communication migut uc v lie'aware and Raritan, of at least three :,r.d a half feet in depth. 4nd a halt feet in deptn . This fifon h liable to objections , T2ist. From the difficulty; and great ex- ttone and its accompanying wacK.. 2d. From the precipitous, marshy, or cavernous banks of the streams, prevent- f tlie Raritan and Millstone, which are ! 1 "farmed as far as Rockyhill, of red sand.; S the ccnsucucn anu of ly aIsQ tQ tlie ; and that there are o ,wcrincr naths, thereby rendering the ; iui cM w- r;K, in to labor of men necessary f f propelling bim . ; LrV xv.tPr ot the adiarenr ! BC.aii01lli'li j i .unds. destroy iug the finer species of grass, and generating a miasma, afiecting ibe health of the ichabUants cf the coun- - '4lh. Fi"m the locks being placed in iOVt situations, and therefore subject to hijurv and decay. .v:'-:'" Z th. V'nim the cuts in the low grennd? tv.i;r.- liable to be filled by freshes with i sard or mud, or to De wasaed to an lm r,n)!!cr tize or shape. ' .;;- . ' Gi. From the unequal currents cf the . . - "- a' 1 . breams, v.hich in some places would re- . J quire the labor of many men to. stem their icrce. ';;-i v:..;"' :.'-.-- -' 7tli: From the inconvenience of 8 mills in the route, any one of which could at. any time ('uving the summer destroy the ii'a y ii-tif n by using and exhausting tlie wat'.r of their ponds so as to occasion tiiiuiUv.v water above and to prevent the ; uk f the: locks. - " :;. JUL f .HMH; IUC gl tcll linlULC Ui U1C route, preventing tne: despatcn so neces sary to ensure a p rcterence of conveyance siiid tranip-rXMion. ;;' cth. Tri-in the varying quantity of wa ter at dirrent tnaestit the year. In dry seasons the water near the d?.m i being spread over the wide surface of bd of the :.creck ornrcr, (id in some places over . lae adjuceiit grounds, great quantities .wouUi be lost by evaporation, and on the V. 3trejLn;s Decou.ip.g low, tne navigation would be ob.ructed by either permanent ! cf waicr att-.r av rains, would totally i tc p the nxi 'guzv-iv, displace the stones i and valls ecu- tr tcted to widen or narrow t parrs cr tne watt " e,nu up parts oi tlie t aai.uxh auC iiuies destroy the cr s!!it bavs, shallows, which woiUd " 0 , u,c ucscenuing countrj be eacn Vapssabte for several davs or oenveei -tae Delaware and the Rantan, weeks : aro in wet seasons the tnrW ve stopped, by Rockyhill and the dams and locks, and perhaps the boats. ' These contingencies would occasion great los:xs to the navigation, not oniy the expense ot removing sanus aim uu replacing facilities, and re- building dams and locks ; but also from fl their cargoes. ,Uw0 Hci,Von,i o of time, the consequent of trade to digging a canal in the valleys, and along the banks of the streams above mentioned pursuing the level as far as practicable, and constructing locks where necessary ; thus rising to the summit level, from whence the navigation to the opposite tide water would descend in the vallies, and along the banks cf the other streams, by the same process. This Ulan is also liable to objections : 1st. From the frequent occurrence cf - - - n deep ravines and alues, conveying small mns of water to the stream of the valley, occa sioninexTk.lvsi vc aqueductsxul verts, walls and embnr.Xrrienrs, wnicn in ci :rfliw- ng the J pla- I! . 1,T ! ". 5th. From the circuitous route of the navigation. 6th. From the number of locks which would be required at irregular distances and in ineligible situations. 7th. And above all, from the almost m- superable difnculty of procuring a suffi cient supply of water at .the crown level to answer the demand at the locks, for, the passage of evrry boat to or from the I summit and from thence to the tide wa ter. Another rente proposed was to make a cut from Laraherton to the Assanflk j creek, and to proceed-" ""fecl ofthe - - j.o3iiiijn. u " i ."-fi i r .1 r i 1.1 ,. f :it - town, unu lruni uiciu.e crossing tnu ivim- ; Mime anu oiucr iruerening streams, to j j the Monopolon, then down the Monopolon hand Soulh river to the tide water of the imuiii. n. luurui rouic prc-posuu was. to lear ; Wright's mill, to th IMoncpolon, nca , Mount's mPJ, or Spotswood. A fifth fror near om ; Crosswick's creek to the head cf Law- ffir fe Krvi-il-an.! o tivtli rtrr li of Lawrcnc.s Blcok to WriSiit's mill, on tlie Asianpink. It has been proposed to dig canals in the vallies oiilxc above mentioned streams on the foregoing routes, in th manner specified in the second pi opositbn. It is obvious, tliat many of the objee- i tion othe ground and the Cantv suppiv ?lat"? 't necessary to take a" ! general vie w of the district of countrv throug!i hich it is proposed to effect an ; inland navigation. : - ! In the county of Monmouth, there is a 1 ridge of highland, which like the chief ; part of the district, is of alluvial forma i tion ; this ridge divides the waters of the ; streams running immediately into the o- cean, frcm the waterrof the streams run ? ning into the Delaware and the Ra titan : the highest part is near F-rine's and the ! 15umt 1 averns, in the township of Upper Wiihin a circle of not mow th fiv miles diameter, are the heads of Tom's j . river ad Ictetecunk, flowing into the o- j ; cean,of Crosswick's creek and Assanpink creek, flowing into the Delaware ; and ofthe Millstone and South river, flowing into the Raritan. Although no actual j mcaf.urerr.eut has been made, it may be j safely asserted, that this spot is three hun ; dred feet above the tide waters of the De laware and Raritan ; from hence the ; country gradually descends in a norther- ly directioh to the mouth of the Millstone, I a distance of thirty miles, and where the I waters of the Raritan are hot more than j thirteen feet above the tide water. It is manifest, thorefcre- that h. f,,-. ; ther we proceed from this circle hi a northerly direction, and the nearer we approach the mouth cf the Millstone, the less will be our elevation above the tide water; but in cur progress northerly. ibandhnis. 'The 1 granite ndge, first appears in the South easterly prt of Ilantirdoii county, pas ses through the westerly part of Somer set county , pennies the Mhlstoue to pass w a northerly direc to through 4 nar- . ..1,1 . iK.s-f tr Hill 1 ,"T ' row gap between Kingston and Kocky- ii i:iu rropejv ana terminaies in vtiuui..v county, near Dean's saw-mill on Law rence's brook, where it gives place to sand-stone and wack, which continue to New Brunswick. The Sandhills are a detached mass of sand, of greater eleva tion than the terminating part of Rocky hill, and are situated about one mile "to the north ward cf Dean's saw-milL The sides of the gap of Rockyhill, are of con siderable elevation with little soil. A spur or branch of Rockyhill, but of dif ferent formation, extends from hence northerly for several miles on the right cf the Millstone, forming its second bank, and contains sand stone and wack, also otv considerable elevation. From this view it is apparent that we cannot pro ceed to the northward of the termination of Rockyhill, and that the ground near this terminati.'.m.is lower than the ground to the southward of it towards the sources of the Millstone and South rivers, and the Assanpink and Crosswick's creeks. It is also to be noticed that Stony brook, from its confluence with the Millstone, to the vicinity of the great meadows of Lawrence, and the Shippetaukin, from its confluence with the Assanpink to the same great meadows, are sluggish streams with very little perceptible fall ; and that in the time of freshes part of the water of Stonybrook is discharged thro' the great meadows, by the Shippetaukin into the A-sanpink, from which it is in ferred, that those meadows are lower than the Millstone and Assanpink, above Sc udder's and John Mount's mills. It will likewise be recollected, that a single foot of additional height of the sum mit level of a canal, gives two feet addi tional ascent and descent of boats, increa ses the expehce of constructing the locks, produces greater delay, and requires more labour for the transit, is attended with a greater consumption of water, .nd occasions a smaller supply b)tf51acing the canal above the level of "some streams, and nearer the. sources of others, - From the foregoing objections to the old plaitof using the bed of the streams with -connecting cuts and locks, and to tne more recent mode ot pursuing tne vallies l)JHire "streams with canals adja cent to their banks, and from a general view of the face of the country, it was proposed as the plan of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, (hat the lowest part of the ground, dividing the highest streams which would be intersected between the Delaware and the Ra ritan, should be ascertained, and as sumed as the point of passage of the ca nal, which wjould be the highest part of the ground that it would be necessary to pass between the two rivers ; that a level should be pursued from this place and on this elevation towards the Delaware and towards the Raritan, terminating on a high bank on the tide water to each of the river., and that locks should be con structed at such banks for tlie ascent and descent of boats, to and from the canal and tlie tide waters. It appeared reasonable that if th?s le vel could be pursued without meeting with hills or hollows, which could not be pas- I sed with ni derate digging or embanking, ! and if banks could be found at convenient I places on the tide waters of the Delaware and the Raritan, of the sane elevation, or which might be mtide so, by moderate J " OO O HIJXUIWIIIJ,, 1.1111. civ. I mi- tages would result from the adoption of this plan. 1st. The canal crossing the country on .the surface of the ground, as much wa ter as may be requisite of all the streams intersecting it, may be turned into it by dams and feeders constructed in and from those streams, at short distances above the canal, and the quantity of water sup plied will be regulated by the gates of the feeders, the remainder of the water will fail over the dams, and pursue the old channels through: arches or culverts under the canal. 2d. It will not be necessary to conduct a feeder to the spot assumed as the crown level, as the whole canal will be of the same elevation, but the feeders may sup ply the requisite quantity of water at any point cr points between the Delaware and Raritan. , ; .;' ; ; 3d. The canal being on a dead level the whole distance, its sides will net be subject to injury by the rapid flowing of the water, nor will" the puddling be dis turbed so as to occassion a loss of a- ter.,: ;;. "' :'-)' " ; 4th. Heavy, rains or freshes will not impede the navigation nor injure the ca nal, as the quantity cf wter ruimmg into it will be at perfect command. 5 th. There will be no difficulty in lo cating and constructing reservoirs for the I 1 whole line of canal, to be filled in the time of freshes and to be used in dry seasons, to prevent any injury to the mills. -'6th.- The mills and low lands on the streams will be benintted by the fiiling'cf i the copious reservoirs, which will tend; to diminish thij heigit cf the freshes, and to give a more regular supply of water in tire summer. - - '""'. 7th. The greatest drought will not pre vent the continual navigation of tile whole length of the canal from lock tolock, that is from river to river. - v 8th. If by an increased intercourse, & ' the coustarit' ascent and descent of barges j tif aad from the tide waiers, there shouI4 not be a sufficiency of water for the locks in a dry season, without injury to the mills, modes may be adopted to transfer the freight of a "part ofthe boats to and from the tide waters to ether boats, with out any loss of water. 9th. Modes may also be adopted to lessen the consumption of water at the locks on the tide water, bv returning a part to the canal during the descent of j the boats, and to obtain a further supply from the tide water during the descent of boats or freights, and at other times by means of other machinery. 10th."'.. As in the usual mode of follow ing the vallies of streams, the water mus be drawn out of the connecting cut or summit level canal, whenever a boat en ters or departs from it ; if the level ex tends cnlv a short distance a basin for the j summit locks will be necessary ; but if the canal extends the whole distance without a lock, it becomes itself the ba sin for the locks,, and other basins fur that purpose will be necessary. 11th. There will be no delay ir as cending or descending locks at irregular distances between river and river ; but the whole c scent or descent will be per formed at one time and at one niace. 12th. Only two keepers of locks with j j theu necessary attendants will be re quired to superintend the ascent or des cent of boats ; but if there are fifteen or twenty locks at different places, as many superintendants will be neccssaray. 13th. The locks will be built at the tide waters of rivers, .where stone, and lime, and other materials for their con struction, may be tJroughtby water, in stead of being carted into the country at a great expenCe. I4tht A plan is cfifered for censi deration-for ascending or descending the whole height between the tide waters and the canal by a single lock, on a con struction which will save a large propor tion of the water, time and labour, which would be required by the common mode for the same height. 15th. If the sum appropriated or sub scribed for the undertaking should be in sufficient for the whole expence, the ca nal may be com pleted,and used from Dela ware bank tc the Raritan bank, without locks in the first instance, ard. at a future period they may be constructed for the passage of boats' to and from the tide ra ter. . ;v-- 16th. The towing paths, being on a dead level from riyer to river, will form an' excellent turnpike road for carriages of a particular construction, during the winter season, when the navigation of the canal will be obstructed by ice. . 1th. Mills may be erected on the banks of the canal and the most arid part of the country may be irrigated by i the surplus Water. j liJth. The 'grand trunk canal between J the Delaware 2nd the Raritan being as sumed as the Ne w-Jersey level, minor 9a- ed. branching off from it tUrouh ci the cninties of the state, creating un ea-1 sy, active, safe, cheap, and lucrative, in- j land commerce, by receiving the materi als for agriculture, mrmufactures, and do mestic tecononiv and comfort, and bv t transmitting their multifarious pnducts. ! (Tc be c7itinu?d.J j 10RE1GJS NEWS. REVOLUTION lis BRAZIL. The folloiving Address to the inhabitants of Pernambuco appear in thejiaters.- IyHAHTASTS OF rxHSiMBCCO. . Divine Providence, who, by his inscru table designs knows how to extract from the most obscure things the most vivid light, and .who, through his infinite good ness, does not permit the existence of evils unless it be to draw therefrom the great est benefits and felicity, has consented that some turbulent and indiscreet spi rits, by whom great conflagrations can be originated from a small spark, should begin to sow the seeds of an ill understood rivelry between the sons of Brazil and of Europe, "Inhabitants of this capital, since the period of the events of .Europe which gave to the continent cf Brazil the consideration of which she was worthy, and which events the Brazilians did not antr could not concur in. In fact, how couid the inhabitants help that the prince of Portugal, precipitated from his capital by the impetuosity of an invading enemy, should come for shelter to the generous continent of Brazil, to liv- theie by the libera ity of its inhabitants, and through -Divine Providence? How could thev help that this same prince, sensible and grateful, should honor the lau'V that re-j ceived him witii nis residence and tue establishment of his court, and giv e it the rank of a kingdom ? Those seeds cf dis cord unhappily have grown in a country which kind nature has endowed with a general andunlimitedfertility. Far from being distinguished by an able and pow erful hand, and far from being suffocated in their origin, they have been reared by the mutual indiscretions of the Brazilians and the Europeans." But lUey never will grow to such a height as net to be extin guished by a conciliating spirit that will undertake this task, which can be easily accomplished. Howevej, ihe spirit tt despotism and bad councils have promot ed the most violent and perfidions designs that could be devised by persecution ; they have adopted the tyrannical measure? of annihilating the honorable patriots, and the well desv-rvingof thecountr' ; to bathe; in tears miserable families, that existed by the labor and assistance of their chiefs; and whose loss would cause their total ru in. Nature and courage, at the horrible, sight of these misfortunes, have arisen a gainst tyranny and injustice iu their natu ral defence. " Ail the military have sup posed themselves involved in the ruin of some of their officers. The cry. for de fence was general and has sounded in c very corner of the province of San Anto nio. Every one has turned soldier and protector of soldiers, because they arc Brazilians like themselves.- ; The des pots, astonished at these new and unexr peeled events, and graded even more by their own co'iscieiicies, (which even irj tlie most impious boois erects its tribu nal, dictates its judgments, and implants its remorse,) havewabiudoncd the place fro n which they iss ied theirliomicidc or ders. Ijihab tants cf Pernambuco ! you. may bdie that they hive taken means to make your country men appear devoid of honor and humanity ! The. patriots in two hours found them-. selves without chief, without governor It was necessary to avoid the disorder of anarchy amidst an agitated population and a revolted people. Every thing was done in a moment, and was the work o' prtidence and patriotism. Inhabitants of Pernairbuco Be tran quil. . Peac reigns n the capital. The people are satisfied. There is no distinc tion between Brazilians and Europcanr They consider themselves asbrothers, de scending from the- same origin, inhabi tants of the same cour.tr', and profess ing the same religion. A provisional go vernment well informed, and selected from ail the orders ot the sfate, presides over your felicity. You may rciv on its zeat and patrotism. Providence, bv whom this work is directed, wilFcarry it to its end, and will protect this heavenly under taking. ' Your happiness villbe "secured. You shall be liberated from the weight of enormous tributes, which have been sa heavy npon you. And your couniry and . ours will rise to tHat point of grandeur to which it is entitled, and ypu will gather the fruit of your work, and of the zeal cf your countrymen. Help us with your counsels, they will be received with gra titude. The country expects them, as well as your application to agriculture. A rich nation is always d powerful one. -Our country is our common. mother. You arc her sons, the descendants of the valiant Lusitanians. You are Portuguese, Americans, Brazilians, and inhabitants of Pernambuco. Given - at the house of the Provisional Government,' oh the 12th of March, 1317." MARTINS. MONTENEGRO, AHAUGO, MENDOSA. ' We ire indebted to the politeness of Mr, Svbohni, for the following interest ing letters. Bait. Pat. Extr ict of a letter from Perttfimbucni March 9, to a gentleman in thin city. . On the 6th inst. Heaven deigned to hbcX rafe this province from the ch ins of mo narchy, with the. trifling loss of 11 lives on the part ofthe royalists. On the 7th alt was quiet, and nothing to be feared from the populace, except a lev inebriated soldiers, who did no mischief.. On the 3th all was perfectly tranquil, and so con tinues.' My old friend, Scignor Domingos Joze Martins, was the chietjnovcT of thia revolution and is now at the head of the government. The former governor and Jus son retreated to Fort Brum, where he? was delivered up by his own soldiers, without any defence, so unanimous arc they in favour of i independence'. He, with some officers who sidf-d with him, were this day embarked for Rio on board 't sumaca. Extract of a letter dated Pernambvci, jlarcn iMHtto a commercial hcuie m Jialtimort. Un tne ttn ir.st. a revolution corfm?r.: ed in this place, and the pevplc have, t l 1 -t I 'l m. rm"ir ciareu tncmseiyes mucTienueni. 1 was but little opposition, and fc lost; order and regularity n ana , tne Americans, are 11a thers." . ' . f By request of this gov forward uespatcnes iiv dent of tlie United St?. cluneals for pubheatn are retiuested to do delay. Extract r.r another Utte 5ucot " iZtii March, to The Revolution comnu iastant, about 0 o'clock, V racks iust bv our house, a: all was ouict. This thing h..A ttmnlation a number 01 vears, 01 iranized as to have taken pi out the Brazils about three nv-u on the birth day of one cf the F. PcrtiisaL when ail thw t;vxn.i 1 uiider arms icr the cvlc braUcu, bi f '74 i 1"' 'r
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
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May 9, 1817, edition 1
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